| Completely variable frequencies |
|
X
|
|
| Complex impedance (resistance and capacitance) |
|
X
|
|
| Superior sensitivity by locking to AC frequency (e.g. single cell detection) |
|
X
|
|
| Modeling Breakdown of data into cell parameters* |
|
X
|
|
| Cell proliferation assays |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Cell attachment/spreading assays |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Impedance changes during cell spreading |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Measurement of electrode area coverage (capacitance) |
|
X
|
|
| Signal transduction assays |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Modeled changes in cell parameters |
|
X
|
|
| Wound-healing / migration assay |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Fixed voltage and frequency parameter |
X
|
|
X
|
| Variable voltage as well as frequency parameters |
|
X
|
|
| Permeability of confluent cell monolayers |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Changes in overall layer impedance |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Modeling to provide true barrier function |
|
X
|
|
| Based on impedance changes |
X
|
X
|
X
|
| Modeled changes in cell parameters |
|
X
|
|
| * Giaever and Keese, PNAS 1991 |
